The present state of the art design of piping systems is based on the close interaction and collaboration between system designers and operators. The operator’s experience with running complex piping systems for long periods is an important factor in improving the design. The most delicate design problems are encountered during the expansion of systems when they are made larger or more complex. For a piping system to operate in a problem-free manner, the design and installation of a piping system requires attention to multiple factors. During the past few decades, pipeline systems and technologies have been progressing at a fast pace in all aspects of the design, operation, and automatic control. The systems have grown in size and intricacy, and today’s trends in the industry are aimed at enlarging the flow rates, pipe diameters and working pressures for a wide variety of fluids to be handled, including very complex and difficult ones. All of these factors impose strong requirements on careful design, precise operation and complex control.
Pipeline operation engineers and managers have to be sufficiently familiar with the details of fluid flow in piping systems as well as with modern technologies, to make informed decisions on various technical aspects of the designed system and its future operation. There is a need for detailed monitoring of everyday operations, as well as computer-based centralized automatic control of the operation of large systems. At the same time, environmental concerns and safety issues require highly sophisticated monitoring and control systems