Protection of Electrical Power Systems

Power system protection is an essential component of all forms of electrical power systems. In practice, protective relaying is directly associated with security of supply, the reduction of damage to the faulted plant, the cost of energy, and, most importantly, all aspects of safety. The subject is unique in requiring knowledge of all topics broadly classified under the title of electrical power engineering, including generation, utilization, maintenance, and the transmission of electrical power. As a consequence, it enhances an engineer’s working knowledge and becomes an important asset for power system planning, operation, and management.

The course focuses attention on the fundaments of the subject and illustrates the protection philosophies in common use by reference to the application of modern multi-functional microprocessor relays to practical situations illustrated by case studies.

 

  • Understand the need for protection
  • Have an overview of power system fault analysis
  • Learn about the protection fundamentals
  • Relay transducers, both current and future
  • Understand the system grounding principles
  • Overcurrent earth fault protection
  • Learn about the coordination principles
  • Learn about the transformer protection
  • Learn about generator protection
  • Understand the bus protection
  • Learn about the motor protection
  • Learn about the line and feeder protection
  • Learn about the principles of relay application

 

  • Electrical/Plant Engineers
  • Supervisors
  • Technicians
  • Electricians with responsibility for the application
  • Commissioning and/or maintenance of electrical protective equipment used on the industrial electrical power system

 

  • Introduction to power system protection
  • Power system fault analysis
  • Phase faults
  • Earth faults
  • Manual calculation
  • Use of software
  • Case study
  • Protection fundamentals
  • Definitions and terminology
  • Unit and non-unit systems
  • Wrap up session

 

  • Transducers
  • Current transformer (CT) equivalent circuit
  • CT specification
  • CT errors
  • CT characteristics
  • Effect of CT burden
  • Overcurrent relays of control systems
  • The modern relay and functions provided
  • Characteristics
  • Directional schemes
  • High and low set instantaneous relays
  • Application to earth faults
  • Principles of coordination
  • Case studies and tutorials

 

3

  • Generator protection continued
  • Asynchronous running
  • Negative phase sequence
  • Over and under-voltage
  • Over and under frequency
  • Reverse power
  • Excitation
  • Motor protection
  • Motor protection principles
  • Thermal considerations
  • Frequent starting
  • Locked rotor
  • Phase imbalance
  • Single phasing
  • Phase short circuit
  • Earth fault
  • Undercurrent
  • The setting of multifunctional relays

  • Busbar protection
  • Principles of operation
  • High impedance selective schemes
  • Tutorial
  • Distance protection
  • Principles of operation
  • Characteristics
  • Arcing faults
  • Faults close to relay location
  • Causes of the inaccuracy of measurement
  • Teed feeders
  • Practical study

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